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Lesson 25.7Chapter 26 · Decimal and Binary Numeration
Lesson 26.1 · Place value foundations

Read Place Value and Count in Binary

Discover why 102 means two, build values from powers of two, and watch a binary odometer carry when a place reaches two.

Grade 5Place valueBinary digitsPowers of 2Works offline
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Big idea: a numeral is a place-value code

For example, 23 means two tens and three ones: 2 × 10 + 3. In binary, 101 means one four, no twos, and one one. The same value can be written with different numeral systems. Decimal uses powers of ten; binary uses powers of two.

(dkdk−1d1d0)b = dkbk + dk−1bk−1 + … + d1b + d0

Every digit must be smaller than the base: in base b, 0 ≤ digit < b. The rightmost place has exponent zero and value 1; each step left multiplies the place value by the base. The letters in this optional general formula name the digits and their positions. The worked example develops the same idea through decimal and binary examples.

Two systems, one value

510 = 1012
102 = 210

Read the subscript. It tells you which place values the digits use.

1
Numeral versus value

Write one value in two systems

Not complete

A value is an amount. A numeral is a written code for that amount. Move the slider and compare the decimal and binary numerals.

decimal numeral510

5×100

=
binary numeral1012

1×22+0×21+1×20

original convention. The worked example writes a base as a subscript when it needs to distinguish systems. In ordinary decimal work, the subscript 10 is usually omitted.
Checkpoint.
Need a hint?

Read the base first: the rightmost place is worth 1 in both systems.

2
Decimal launchpad

Rebuild ordinary place value with powers of ten

Not complete
original examples. 246=2×102+4×10+6, and 356842=3×105+5×104+6×103+8×102+4×10+2.
Position multiplies the digit. The digit 5 in 356842 is worth 50,000 because it sits in the 10^4 place.
Complete the decimal foundation.
Need a hint?

Count decimal places from the right: 1, 10, 100, 1000, … .

3
Binary place-value lights

Use only 0 and 1 to select powers of two

Not complete

Binary has only two digits. A bit of 1 switches its power of two on; a bit of 0 switches it off.

1011012 = 32 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 4510
original-value checkpoint.
Need a hint?

Match the bits to 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1; add only the places with a 1.

4
Binary odometer

Count by carrying whenever a place reaches two

Not complete
Binary carry rule: 1 + 1 = 102. Two units in one place become one unit in the next place.
previous
110₂
6₁₀
current
111₂
7₁₀
next
1000₂
8₁₀

Decimal valueBinary numeralWhat changed?
Count forward.
Need a hint?

Add from the right. A trailing 1 becomes 0 and sends a carry left.

5
Binary numeral reader

Expand every binary place, including zeros

Not complete
Legal binary numeral.
Read three sparse binary numerals.
Need a hint?

Keep every position, even those with a zero.

6
Zero has two different jobs

Remove leading zeros, but protect internal zeros

Not complete
leading zeros
00101₂ = 101₂

Both equal decimal 5.

internal zero
101₂ ≠ 11₂

They equal decimal 5 and 3.

illegal digit
10201₂

The digit 2 cannot appear in a binary numeral.

Legal. It has the same value as 101₂: 5₁₀.
Zero checkpoint.
Need a hint?

Only zeros before the first 1 can be removed without moving another bit.

7
original counting table

Match decimal values to their binary numerals

Not complete

The worked example lists the opening binary count. Read across each row: the value is unchanged, but the written numeral changes.

DecimalBinaryPowers of two used
decimal13
=
binary1101₂

8 + 4 + 1

Match the worked example table.
Need a hint?

Build each value with the largest power of two that fits.

8
Test 26 foundation transfer

Audit the first five original-test skills

Not complete

These structured checks mirror the chapter test’s opening foundations without requiring you to type long algebraic expressions.

Need a hint?

The exponent starts at zero on the right. Each step left raises it by one.

9
Independent practice

Place-value and binary-counting workshop

Not complete

Correct all eight questions to complete the workshop.

Need a hint?

Answers: 50,000; 2; 1100₂; 6; 16; 512; 10102₂; 1000₂. Moving left doubles a binary place value. Add one to 1011₂ by carrying through its two trailing 1s.

10
Mastery check

Exit ticket and certificate

Not complete

All five answers must be correct. The certificate appears after every mission is complete.

Need a hint?

Answers: 0 and 1; 45; 1000₂; Yes; 2. For 101101₂, add 32+8+4+1. Leading zeros contribute nothing; a place containing two units sends one carry to the left.

101₂

Binary Place-Value Navigator

This certificate recognizes the learner for reading decimal and binary place value, selecting powers of two, and counting with binary carries.

Completed