Math Path · Grade 5
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Chapter 14 · Number-Filling Arrays

Lesson 14.5 — Arrange Number Rings under Neighbor Rules

第14讲 · 填数阵图 · 数字环

Treat a ring as a closed chain, test every neighboring pair—including the pair across the starting point—and use compatibility, parity, and systematic enumeration to build valid arrangements.

Translate the rule → plan difficult neighbors → close the loop → audit every edge.

Grade 510 missionsSelf-containedAny valid ring accepted
Mission 1

A ring is a closed chain

In a row, the endpoints each have one neighbor. In a ring, every position has two neighbors because the final position connects back to the first.

Not complete

Count edges, not gaps on a line

A ring with n positions has n neighboring pairs.

For six positions, the pairs are:

1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–5, 5–6, 6–1

The closing pair 6–1 is where many almost-correct rings fail.

Check the closed-loop idea

Need a next step?

Hint

Draw the connection from the last position back to the first.

Reasoning and worked explanation

A ring with n positions has n edges; every position has two distinct neighboring positions.

Mission 2

Translate “difference at least 3” into a neighbor test

Every edge joins two numbers whose absolute difference is at least 3. Absolute difference means larger minus smaller; it is a difference between number values, not a distance measured on the drawing.

Not complete

The exact rule

Allowed neighbors: |a − b| ≥ 3
2 and 4: |2−4|=2 → forbidden
2 and 9: |2−9|=7 → allowed

A valid-looking pattern is not enough. Each of the ten edge differences must be checked.

Compatibility explorer

Allowed neighbors

Forbidden neighbors

Read the compatibility rule

Need a next step?

Hint

Subtract the smaller value from the larger.

Reasoning and worked explanation

The absolute difference must be at least 3 on every edge. A difference of exactly 3 is allowed.

Mission 3

Place close-number pairs opposite as a planning strategy

The worked example begins by keeping especially close pairs far apart: 1 with 2, 3 with 4, and so on. On a ten-position ring, opposite positions are five one-edge moves apart in either direction (for example, Position 1 to Position 6). There are four positions strictly between them along either half of the ring.

Not complete

Five original pairs

1 ↔ 2keep far apart
3 ↔ 4keep far apart
5 ↔ 6keep far apart
7 ↔ 8keep far apart
9 ↔ 10keep far apart
A strategy is not a proof. Opposite placement prevents those five pairs from touching, but differences of 2 are also forbidden. The final ring still needs a complete edge audit.

Separate planning from verification

Need a next step?

Hint

Separate close pairs, but do not stop there.

Reasoning and worked explanation

Placing close pairs opposite is only a plan. Other forbidden pairs, including those with difference 2, may still touch.

Mission 4

Audit the four original arrangements

This worked example displays four valid rings and explicitly says the answer is not unique. View each model and inspect all ten differences, including the closing difference.

Not complete
Worked example 5

Fill 1 through 10 once each

Arrange the ten numbers around the ring so that every pair of adjacent values differs by at least 3.

Viewed 0 of 4 original models.

Complete edge audit

Read the worked example models

Need a next step?

Hint

Read all ten difference labels, including the closing one.

Reasoning and worked explanation

All four models use 1–10 once and every edge is at least 3. A valid rotation or reflection obeys the same conditions.

Mission 5

Build and verify your own difference ring

Choose one number for each position. The checker accepts any arrangement that uses 1 through 10 exactly once and passes all ten edge tests.

Not complete

Live mathematical audit

You can also click two numbered circles in the diagram to swap them.

Need a next step?

Hint

Try the partly filled starter and fill the most restricted gap first.

Reasoning and worked explanation

A gap between 3 and 1 needs a value at least 3 away from both. Compare unused candidates, continue gap by gap, and finish with a full edge audit.

Mission 6

Use parity before building a prime-sum ring

The guided practice changes the rule: select six different whole numbers from 1 through 9 so every adjacent pair has a prime sum. A prime is a whole number greater than 1 with exactly two positive divisors, 1 and itself. Parity means whether a whole number is odd or even.

Not complete

Possible prime sums

357111317

Every listed prime is odd. The only even prime is 2, but two different positive numbers from 1–9 cannot sum to 2.

prime adjacent sum ⇒ one odd + one even

The ring must alternate parity

OddEvenOddEvenOddEven

A six-position ring must therefore use exactly three odd and three even numbers.

Use the parity filter

Need a next step?

Hint

Can two different positive numbers total the even prime 2?

Reasoning and worked explanation

No. Every prime neighboring sum is odd, so one label is odd and the other even. A six-ring alternates three of each.

Mission 7

Build a six-number prime-sum ring

Choose six distinct numbers from 1 through 9 and arrange them so all six neighboring sums are prime. The closing sum is part of the test.

Not complete

Live prime-sum audit

Click two filled circles to swap them, or use the position selectors.

Need a next step?

Hint

Each selected number needs two different allowed neighbors.

Reasoning and worked explanation

For set 1,2,3,4,6,9, number 9 can only neighbor 2; that set fails. Set 1,2,3,4,8,9 works in order 1,4,3,8,9,2: sums 5,7,11,17,11,3.

Mission 8

Enumerate the guided-practice sets completely

The worked example counts two arrangements as the same whenever they use the same six selected numbers, even if the circular order differs. We therefore enumerate six-number sets, then test whether each set has at least one valid ring order.

Not complete
Complete search plan: There are 84 six-number subsets of 1–9. The parity rule reduces these to the sets containing three odd and three even values. Each surviving set is then tested for a closed prime-sum cycle. There are ten odd triples: 135, 137, 139, 157, 159, 179, 357, 359, 379, 579 (each digit names one selected number). There are four even triples: 246, 248, 268, 468. Any odd triple pairs with any even triple, giving 10 × 4 = 40 candidate sets.

Read the complete enumeration

Need a next step?

Hint

Count selected sets, then test whether each can close into a ring.

Reasoning and worked explanation

Choose three of five odd labels and three of four even labels: 10×4=40 candidates. Parity is necessary, not sufficient. The full cycle check leaves 17 sets.

Mission 9

Fresh strategy workshop

Try these new situations before opening the explanations. Correct all eight answers to complete this workshop.

Not complete
Worked explanation — try first

Eight successive edges include the closing edge.

Worked explanation — try first

Their difference is 3, below 4.

Worked explanation — try first

Allowed: 1,2,3,9,10.

Worked explanation — try first

The final 2 meets the first 1, giving difference 1. The other nine edges pass, but the ring fails.

Worked explanation — try first

Each prime sum must be odd because distinct positive values cannot total 2. Parity alternates: four odd and four even.

Worked explanation — try first

The six sums are 5,7,11,17,11,3.

Worked explanation — try first

Count selected sets, not their arrangements.

Worked explanation — try first

Only 2 gives a prime sum with 9. A cycle needs two different neighbors, so this set cannot work.

0 / 8

Mission 10

Independent exit ticket

Try these new situations before opening the explanations. All five correct completes this mission. The certificate requires all ten missions.

Not complete
Worked explanation — try first

Every position contributes the edge to the next position, including the closing one.

Worked explanation — try first

|2−7|=5, so this edge passes.

Worked explanation — try first

Opposite parity at every edge forces five odd and five even values.

Worked explanation — try first

The final 1 meets the first 2: 1+2=3.

Worked explanation — try first

All eight orders use one identical selected set.

0 / 5

Certificate of Completion

Number-Ring Neighbor-Rule Architect

This certifies that

Grade 5 Mathematician

closed every loop, audited every edge, used compatibility and parity, and distinguished circular arrangements from selected-number sets.

Optional reflection

Explain one useful strategy

This writing is saved but is not automatically graded.

Teaching notes

The original asks students to place 1 through 10 in a ten-position ring so every adjacent difference is at least 3, recommends putting the close pairs (1,2), (3,4), (5,6), (7,8), and (9,10) opposite, and displays four valid arrangements.It explicitly states that the answer is not unique.

The original asks students to choose six different values from 1 through 9 so every adjacent sum is prime, and specifies that arrangements using the same six values count as the same filling regardless of circular order.The parity explanation, live validators, and complete enumeration are added scaffolds.The enumeration groups by six-number set and finds 17 feasible sets.

All student builders validate the mathematical conditions rather than comparing with one hard-coded original picture.